Device for testing the tearing strength of paper.



DEVICE FOR TESTING THE TEAHING STRENGTH OF PAPER.

APPUCATION HLED MAY 5,1511]v Patented J uly 30, 1918.

9 SHEETS-SHEET I.

61 Mommy DEVICE FOR TESHNG THE IEAHING STRENGTH OF PAPER'.

APPLICATION mm mus. 1911.

1 ,273,972. Patented July 30, 1918.

2 SHEETSSHET 2.

0' noon H01,

eis

* tain n e w UNITED STATES PATEN OFFICE.

ROBERT ODIORNE WOOD, 0F BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR 'TO ARTHUR D.

OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSA- LITTLE. INCORPORATED,CHUSETTS.

DEVICE FOR TESTING THE TEARING STRENGTH OF PAPER.

To all whom it may Hour/'12.

lie it known that l. ltomcn'r (iv Wool). a citizen of the United States.residing at llrookline, in the county ot' Norfolk nml State ofMassachusett hav invented en i and useful lllilli'livt'illr-iils' ii: laiices, for Testing the 'l'e rin Hlii m ni. :1" Paper. of \Vl llli thefollowing u viii" 1th tion.

My invention relates to the inn for iimi an; the tearing strength ofpaper and the instrument embodying my invention is especially designed{or the purpose of deter" mining the relative tearin, strength ofdifferent classes of paper. However, as will heappreciated upon anunderstanding of the invention, the device is equally applicable fortesting or measuring the tearing strength of other fibrous materials,subject perhaps to obvious'changes or modifications.

The device of my present invention comprises, briefly, an incline, amechanism traveling on the incline and adapted to clasp a portion of thepaper to be tested, a straight edge set at an angle with respect to theincline and means for tightly clamping the paper under it along oneedge.

For a fuller understanding of my invention reference is had to theaccompanying drawings, in which-- "Figure 1 is a perspective view of mydevice in operative position;

Fig. 2 a plan view;

Fig. 3 a side elevation; and

Fig. 41in end view, )artly in section to show the operating mec anism.

The operating elements are assembled on a base 1 of suitable length andWidth and comprise a wedge shaped structure 2, a

340 straight edge 13 and tlie testing device proper.

The wedge '2 presents a surface'4 inclined at a suitable angle to thebase. On this surface is mounted a sliding carriage nail-apted tobereciprocated by a spiralfscrcw 6,

havin a handle 6'. It is understood that the sp ral screw is merely aconvenient illustrationof many mechanical motion trans- 'latingcontrivanoes applicable for imparting motion to the carriage 5.

On the carriage 1 is pivoted a lever 61 on a suitable fulcrum indicataias a pin 7. This lever carries at an end a clamping; device. theparticular character of which is Speci. ttion 01' Letters Patent. latenbe l July 1918 Application filed Ma a, 1917, Serial No. 166,512.

iniumu-rial, so long; as it serves the purpose ut srrurely elnsping andclamping the paper to be tested. [\s an illustration 1 have shownllulever il bifurcated and provided with a (lHllill SH'Q H.

Uu th riltlt oi the lev r opposite the damping Iii-vim" and a relativelyshort dis" tniiiifrom the full-ruin l have attached a inu hro-un shapedpin U which bears upon a rubber diaphragm Il The rubber diaphragm isnu-rrly referred tons a conven tional yielding; means for siinilarpurposes and is intended to represent all available [means for reponding to varying forces.

Behind the diaphragnris coirlined a' liquid, such as glycerin or anysuitable fluid, in chamber 50, which in turn communicates through a veryfine passage with an ordinary pressure gage 100. The. object of the finepassage is to damp the vibrations 01 the needle of the pressure gage.The chambers and pressure gage are supported upon the carriage 5 by asaddle plate. 75. 1!

At the extreme end of the lever opposite clamp 8 there is an adjustablecounterweight 11 designed to balance the arm or lever 61. Another smalladjustable Weight is supported on the arm 61 on the opposite side of thefulcrum, which together with the weight first named, supplies sufficientinertia to even'out. vibrations produced by inequalities in thepaper.

The base 1 is made slightly tapering along one edge to receive thestraight-edge 3 in a position slightly inclined with respect to thehorizontal to insure a clean and uniform tear-ingot the paper.Tire-member ii has an edge arranged at anglewith res 'jec't'tlo theincline 4,-against, which the paperjs torn.

The straight edge 3 is so 'constructedthat the paper is tightly clampedunder it alongits edge. Thecl'amping action xiiay be exerted by anysuitable means, as for instance by screws 13." The ;bar 3 is placed atan angle to the planeof part 2 for-the purpose of keeping the-angle ofpull on the paper constant. -j"

The operation is briefly as follows: A sheet of paper is clampedv underthe tearing edge, with a portion projecting outside. The carriage isbrought to its lowest point and the edge of the paper is inserted in andsecured by the clamp. When the handle turning tho arrow la rotatod. thooarriago travola np tho illllillo and thus [Nils a ton-- sion on thopapor through tho lovor. 'lho tonsion roquirod to toa l' tho shool ol'papor is transmittod to tho rnhhor diaphragm. lrv moans of tho lovor andtho nHlHlH'oom-shapotl pin and thonoo to tho prownro gago.

Hy propor oaliln'ation tho gago dial ma ho mado lo indioato tho oxarttonsion in ()llllll'H or it may ho oalihratod in torma of rlassitioalionto indioato rolatii'o toarin; strongth.

It' lnoro than ono shoot of papor is torn at ono timo. tho roadinga ontho gago aro mllltipliod aorordingl'l r and a parlionlar advantago isgainod in that an ii\'tt'zl;,folt:l1ill; strongth ma) ho at onoodotorminod hy 1im pl v dividing tho roading li tho nnmlior ol' shootstorn.

It is lllllltl'hll tltl lllat loi'oi'lling' tjztgo may lio anlmiitutodFor a pnrol indii-ating gago to givo a graphiiroproM-ntation of thotouring stronoth.

I am a\\aro that |mmoronvhangm and modilirations may lio mado \\'illll|illll wopo of my invontion and thorol'oro. hat ha\ boon shown. is Forpnrposos ol' illnsllation only.

1 claim:

1. 'Iho ('omhination with moans defining an odge of moans for holding ashoot of fibrous matorial along said odg'o. moans for touring' thomatorial against tho odgo and moans for indioating tho l'orio nooosmiryto toar tho malorial.

2. The oomhination with moan dolining an odgo ol' moans l'or holdimg ashort of liln'ous lnatorial along said odgo moam l'or toarin; thomatorial agaimt tho ltlflt and moans oonnoi'tod with tho toaring-iiioamlor indicating the l'ol'oo Iltt'lh'htll'Y to loai tho ma. torial.

3. Thu oombination oith moans dolininx: an odgo of moans for holdin; ashoot ol' fibrous matorial along said odgzm moans for touring thomatorial against tho odg'o, said Waring-moans violding imdor tho l'oroonorosaary to loar tho matorial and moans l'or indioating lho dogroo otyiolding.

1. 'lho oolnhinatioii with moans dolining an otlg'o of moans for holdinga shoot ol' lihrons matorial along said odgr. moans for tearing thematerial against:- t'lili odgv. moana cot 19cm] \Y-i't -iiloansyiolfling 'ing and an 1 tiiit l'a o inganoans .fol ll'ltl'mmt ithedog-{1239f (iii? iiingr.

5 :lie mm'iliinatioii i'it lth moans ilolilling. an olge o1 moans: forholding a shoot; of fibrous material along said odgo. moans fort'oa'riag tho. malarial against tho odgo. said tearing-moans conpalfiiiq g a yielding lowiand gaming for i, liming in; do '(o ofyielc'liiig of. the lovol Ztirttksr lt'e" force Hows- .stwy to waif fl ematerial.

ti. 'lho vomhination with moans iii-lining: an odgo ol' moans forholding a shoot of tihrons matorial along said odgo, moam for touring:tho lnatol'ial against tho odg'o. said toaring-nn'ans (tllHPl'lSlll a\'iolding lovor h:1\'iil i olampiug oonnootion with tho malo. rial andmoam t'or indiratin; tho dogroo of \'ll'ltll|l; of tho lovor nmlor thot'orr'o nowasary to loar tho malorial.

7. 'lho oomhination \\'lll| moans dolining an odgo ol' moans for holdinga sho t of tiln'nna mail-rial along v\aid odgo. an arm poaitionodadjai'ont -\aid moans amladaptod to grip tho matorial. moans t'or movingthe arm in tho gonoral dirootion of tho oilgo and moans l'or indioalingtho forro roqllirod to mowtho arm to toar tho matorial against thooilLo.

Hi 'lho i-omhination aith moan dolining' an odg'o ot' moam lor holding ashout ol' liln-ons lllilllllill a ong hillll odg'o. an arm p0- ilionod:ulim'oiil said Ilioam and adaplod to grip tho nialorial. nit-ans lormoving tho arm in tho g i'ioral dii'ootion of tho odg'o to tour lhomalorial thorwrg'ainsl and moans a smialoil \\ith tho l ror l'iwponflivoto tho i'orro roqnirod to toar tho matorial and \rhon tho llltlllllillis torn against the odgo.

'l'ho I'tJIHlllIHlllOIl with moans: iloiiiiiir; an odgo ot' moans l'orhohlin; a hllQLl ol, lilnolls llltlltllill along said odgo. an arm laysitionod adjaoont said moans, n ans on said arm for 'rippin; thomatorial. moans for moving tho arm in tho lonoral diroi'tion ol thoodg'o. Molding-moans assoi-iatod with tho lt\'(l' ailaploil to \iollllHHlll tho l oroo 1'otlllll'tll to toar tho nmtoi'ial against tho odgoand moans lol' indioating tho amount of iolding li n tho matorial 'i:torn.

Ill 'llio ttlllllJlilttllOlt with moans dolining an odgg'r ol' moans forholding a shoot oi liln'ons lllilit'llill along said odgo, an armpov-itionod adjaooiit said moans moans on said arm for gripping thomatorial. moans for rum in; said arm at an anglo to tho odg'o and moaml'or indioaling tho t'orvo noooasary to toar tho malol'ial against thoodg'o.

ll. 'l'ho combination with moans dofining an odi o ol' moans t'orholding tho shoot of lil roiw matorial along said odgo. an arm poitiom dadjaoont said odgo. moans on Fillil i arm for gripping tho matorial.moans for moving: tho arm in sulh a dirootion as to toar tho malorialagainst tho o dgo at a uniform rato ot' spood. lion tho arm is morod ata nnil'orm rato of s'pood.

l2. 'lho combination with moans dolining an odgo ot' moans for holding ashoot of tihroua niatorial along said odgo, an arm positionod adjaoontsaid odgro. n ans on said arm l'or grip 'iing tho matorial. moans formoving the arm in sluh a dirootion as to tar tho material against thoodgo at a uniform rate of speed when the arm is moved at a uniform rateof speed and means for indicating the force necessary'to tear thematerial.

13. The combination with means defining an edge of means for holding asheet of fibrous material along said edge, nu-ans-for gripping thematerial and means for mov mg the gripping means in such a direction asto tear the material against the edge at, a uniform rate of speed whenthe grip ping means is moved at a uniform rate of speed.

14. The combination with means defining an edge of means for holding asheet of 15 fibrous material along said edge, means For gripping thematerial, means for moving the gripping means in such a direction as totear the material against the edge at a uniform rate of speed when the.gripping means is moved at a uniform rate of speed and means forindicating the force required to tear the material.

15. The combination with means defining an edge of means for holding ash et of fibrous material along said edge. nltuns to:- gripping thematerial, means for moving thrgripping means at an angle to the edge andto the base-plane thereof and means For in dieating the force requiredto tear the rna-- thereof and means for indicating the form required totear the material against the edge.

17. The combination with means defining 4.1.: edge of means for holdinga sheet of fibrous material along said edge, means for gripping saidsheet, means for m ving the gripping means so as to tear the sheetagainst the edge and means 'l'or indieating the force necessary to tearthe sheet.

18. The combination of a straight-edge, means coiiperating therewith tohold a sheet of fibrous material along an edge of the straight edge,means for gripping the sheet and means for moving the gripping means atan angle to both the edge and the baseplane of the straight-edge to tearthe paper and means for indicating the force required to tear the papera ainst the edge.

19. The combinatlon With means defining an edge of means for holding asheet of fibrous material along said edge, means for tearing the sheetagainst the edge, a pressure gage connected with the tearing-meansadapted to indicate the force required to tear the sheet.

hdefiningen inclined plane, at an angle to the basoplane of thestraighl-cdgc, a lever adapted to he moved up the inclined plane, meanson this lever For gripping the sheet. and a pressure gage comm-ted withthe lever to indirate the forre required to move the lever in tearingthe sheet. against the edge.

2|. The eomliinatitm of a body presenting a sharp edge, means forholdinga sheet of fibrous material along lilt edge, means for grippingthe sheet, means for movingthc gripping means away from a dircrtion asto tear the sheet at. a uniform rate of speed when the gripping means ismoved al a uniform rutioi speed and means for intlit'ating the tori-ernuuired to tear the paper against the edge.

2'1. The t-onihination ot a hotly present;-

ing a .\ll:ll]i edge. lllltill? for holding a shout. ol tiln-ousmaterial along the t-ilgr. n sup port :ulpn-ont tlnedge having :1surl'are inrlinrd with respcrt to the edge. a rarvuige to grip tlnshirt. :1 wielding element. on tli'u' marriage l tlllt iltl totlnlt'\tl' at lho other alilt ol lll'. l llltilllll :lrol lin'nilh l olilnlliuting the degree oi yielding when the lever is m ved to tear therlnrl against lllt lilge.

i i. The combination ot a body present ing a sharp edge. m ans forholding a sheet of liln'ous material along the edge. a sup port. ailjzn'nt the edge liming a surlaro inrlinrel with respect to thr ttl and sodisposed that the edge lorin an anglr willi'tlu'. grln-rnl longitudinaldirw-tion ol' the sun Earn, a rurriagr adaptrd to he move-d upon theant-lure means for moving the (-arriagc, a lever tulrrpmed upon therarriagc. means on the lever at one title of the l'uh'rum to grip theshort a rounlorwrigln upon the lever upon the other ilhol' the fulcrum,a yielding means ronnw-tiul to the lover and nit-ans t'or indirating thedegree oi yielding when the lever is moved to tear the paper against theedge.

.54. The combination ot' a body present ing a sharp edge means forholding a sheet at lilin'ous material along the edge, a support adjarentthe edge having a surface inclined with respert to the edge and sodisposed that the edge forms an angle with the general longitudinaldirection of the surface, a r-arriagc adapted to he moved upon thesurface, means for moving the carriagma lever fulermned upon thecarriage, meanson the ever at one side of the fulcrum to'grip the sheet,adjustable weights on opposite sides of the fulcrum and a pressure gageeonneoted with the lever to indicate. the force required to move thecarriage 'l'or tearing the sheet against the edge.

25. The combination of means for holding a sheet of fibrous materialalong an

